按照惯例，通过调用 Use 、Map、Run 扩展方法，向请求处理管道添加中间件组件。
请求管道中的每个中间件组件负责调用管道中的下一个组件，或使管道短路。当中间件短路时，它被称为“终端(terminal)中间件”，因为它阻止中间件进一步处理请求。
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
// Add services to the container.
builder.Services.AddRazorPages();
builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();
var app = builder.Build();
// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
if (!app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
app.UseHsts();
}
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.MapGet("/hi", () => "Hello!");
app.MapDefaultControllerRoute();
app.MapRazorPages();
app.Run();1.中间件顺序
2.Endpoint中间件
3.内置中间件
| Middleware | Description | Order |
|---|---|---|
| Authentication | Provides authentication support. | Before HttpContext.User is needed. Terminal for OAuth callbacks. |
| Authorization | Provides authorization support. | Immediately after the Authentication Middleware. |
| Cookie Policy | Tracks consent from users for storing personal information and enforces minimum standards for cookie fields, such as secure and SameSite. | Before middleware that issues cookies. Examples: Authentication, Session, MVC (TempData). |
| CORS | Configures Cross-Origin Resource Sharing. | Before components that use CORS. UseCors currently must go before UseResponseCaching due to this bug. |
| DeveloperExceptionPage | Generates a page with error information that is intended for use only in the Development environment. | Before components that generate errors. The project templates automatically register this middleware as the first middleware in the pipeline when the environment is Development. |
| Diagnostics | Several separate middlewares that provide a developer exception page, exception handling, status code pages, and the default web page for new apps. | Before components that generate errors. Terminal for exceptions or serving the default web page for new apps. |
| Forwarded Headers | Forwards proxied headers onto the current request. | Before components that consume the updated fields. Examples: scheme, host, client IP, method. |
| Health Check | Checks the health of an ASP.NET Core app and its dependencies, such as checking database availability. | Terminal if a request matches a health check endpoint. |
| Header Propagation | Propagates HTTP headers from the incoming request to the outgoing HTTP Client requests. | —————————— |
| HTTP Logging | Logs HTTP Requests and Responses. | At the beginning of the middleware pipeline. |
| HTTP Method Override | Allows an incoming POST request to override the method. | Before components that consume the updated method. |
| HTTPS Redirection | Redirect all HTTP requests to HTTPS. | Before components that consume the URL. |
| HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) | Security enhancement middleware that adds a special response header. | Before responses are sent and after components that modify requests. Examples: Forwarded Headers, URL Rewriting. |
| MVC | Processes requests with MVC/Razor Pages. | Terminal if a request matches a route. |
| OWIN | Interop with OWIN-based apps, servers, and middleware. | Terminal if the OWIN Middleware fully processes the request. |
| Response Caching | Provides support for caching responses. | Before components that require caching. UseCORS must come before UseResponseCaching. |
| Response Compression | Provides support for compressing responses. | Before components that require compression. |
| Request Localization | Provides localization support. | Before localization sensitive components. Must appear after Routing Middleware when using RouteDataRequestCultureProvider. |
| Endpoint Routing | Defines and constrains request routes. | Terminal for matching routes. |
| SPA | Handles all requests from this point in the middleware chain by returning the default page for the Single Page Application (SPA) | Late in the chain, so that other middleware for serving static files, MVC actions, etc., takes precedence. |
| Session | Provides support for managing user sessions. | Before components that require Session. |
| Static Files | Provides support for serving static files and directory browsing. | Terminal if a request matches a file. |
| URL Rewrite | Provides support for rewriting URLs and redirecting requests. | Before components that consume the URL. |
| W3CLogging | Generates server access logs in the W3C Extended Log File Format. | At the beginning of the middleware pipeline. |
| WebSockets | Enables the WebSockets protocol. | Before components that are required to accept WebSocket requests. |
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