1.安装PHP的步骤(Ubuntu)

//安装依赖
sudo apt update
sudo apt install pkg-config build-essential autoconf bison re2c libxml2-dev libsqlite3-dev

//新建目录
mkdir ~/.php

//配置环境变量
echo 'export PHP_VERSION=8.5.5' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export PHP_HOME="$HOME/.php/$PHP_VERSION"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export PATH="$PHP_HOME/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc

//重启终端生效或执行以下命令立即生效
source ~/.bashrc

//下载
//官方下载地址
wget -c https://www.php.net/distributions/php-$PHP_VERSION.tar.xz
//南京大学镜像
wget -c https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/php/php-$PHP_VERSION.tar.xz

//解压并切换目录
tar xvf php-$PHP_VERSION.tar.xz && cd php-$PHP_VERSION

//配置
./configure --prefix="$PHP_HOME"

//构建
make -j $(nproc)

//测试
make test TEST_PHP_ARGS=-j$(nproc)

//安装
make install

//切换目录并删除
cd && rm -f php-$PHP_VERSION.tar.xz

//查看版本
php --version

//切换目录
cd php-$PHP_VERSION/ext/extname

//准备
phpize

//配置
./configure

//构建
make

//安装
make install

//新建文件(仅限第一次)
touch $PHP_HOME/lib/php.ini

//配置
echo 'extension=extname' >> $PHP_HOME/lib/php.ini

//查看
php -m

//下载
//官方下载地址
wget -c https://getcomposer.org/download/latest-stable/composer.phar
//腾讯云镜像
wget -c https://mirrors.tencent.com/composer/composer.phar
//阿里云镜像
wget -c https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/composer.phar

//更改权限并移动
chmod +x composer.phar && mv composer.phar $PHP_HOME/bin/composer

//查看版本
composer --version

//配置https://repo.packagist.org的镜像
//腾讯云镜像
composer config -g repos.packagist composer https://mirrors.tencent.com/composer/
//阿里云镜像
composer config -g repos.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/

//查看配置
composer config -g --list